What Up?!

There is a new exciting topic that we are entering at this week... It is the C Environment...
To find out more... Here it is...

Turbo C

Turbo C was a Borland Integrated Development Environment and compiler for the C programming language. It was first introduced in 1987 and was noted for its integrated development environment, small size, extremely fast compile speed, comprehensive manuals and low price.

In May 1990, Borland replaced the Turbo C with Turbo C++. In 2006, Borland reintroduced the Turbo moniker.

Version history

Turbo C 1.0 startup screen.

• Version 1.0, on May 13, 1987 - It offered the first integrated edit-compile-run development environment for C on IBM PCs. The software was, like many Borland products of the time, bought from another company and branded with the "Turbo" name, in this case Wizard C by Bob Jervis^{[1] [2]} (The flagship Borland product at that time, Turbo Pascal, which at this time did not have pull-down menus, would be given a facelift with version 4 released late in 1987 to make it look more like Turbo C.) It ran in 384KB of memory. It allowed inline assembly with full access to C symbolic names and structures, supported all memory models, and offered optimizations for speed, size, constant folding, and jump elimination. ^[3]

Turbo C 1.5 startup screen.

• Version 1.5, in January, 1988 - This was an incremental improvement over version 1.0. It included more sample programs, improved manuals and other bug fixes. It was shipped on five 360 KB diskettes of uncompressed files, and came with sample C programs, including a stripped down spreadsheet called mcalc. This version introduced the header file (which provided fast, PC-specific console I/O routines). (Note: The copyright date in the startup screen is 1987, but the files in the distribution were created in January 1988.)

Turbo C 2.0 startup screen.

• Version 2.0, in 1989 - The American release was in late 1988, and featured the first "blue screen" version, which would be typical of all future Borland releases for MS-DOS. The American release did not have Turbo Assembler or a separate debugger. (These were being sold separately as the product Turbo Assembler.) See this ad for details: Turbo C, Asm, and Debugger were sold together as a professional suite of tools. This seems to describe another release: Featured Turbo Debugger, Turbo Assembler, and an extensive graphics library. This version of Turbo C was also released for the Atari ST, but distributed in Germany only.

Note on later releases: The name "Turbo C" was used after version 2.0, because with the release of Turbo C++ 1.0 with 1990, the two products were folded into a single product. That first C++ compiler was developed under contract by a company in San Diego and was one of the first true compilers for C++ (until then, most C++ work was done with pre-compilers that generated C code). The next version was named Borland C++ to emphasize its flagship status and completely rewritten in-house, with Peter Kukol as the lead engineer. The Turbo C++ name was briefly dropped, eventually reappearing as Turbo C++ 3.0. There was never a 2.0 of the Turbo C++ product series.

With more weeks to come, I am so excited with the deeper class of this Turbo C!

This Weeks Learnings

This week, we tackled about the four parts of C environment data types and keywords.

In our discussion, I learned the following:

The Parts of C Environment

Main Menu

-this instructs the C to do something as indicated in the list of menu.

Editor status line and edit window

-It is where you type your program and where you see the current line and column of the text you typed.

Compiler message window

-it is located beneath the middle of edit window and Hotkeys. It is used to display various compiler or linker messages.

“Hot Keys” quick reference line

-it is located at the bottom of C operating screen. It refers to shortcut or shorthand for selecting a menu.

The Basic Menus in C are:

File - load and save files, handles directories, invokes DOS and exits C.

Write to - enables the user to save a file using a different filename.

Directory - displays the content of the current working directory.

Change dir - enables the user to specify the defined path to change the default path or directory.

OS shell - loads the DOS command processor and lets the user execute DOS commands.

Quit - lets the user to exit or quit C.

Run - compile (checks for errors), links and runs the program currently loaded in the environment.

Compile - compile the program currently in the environment.

There are five elementary data types in C:

1. character (char)

-values of type char are used to hold ASCII characters or any 8-bit quantity.

2. integer (int)

-variables of type int are used to hold real numbers. Real numbers have both an integer.

3. floating point

4.double floating point

-Values of type float and double are used to hold real numbers. Real numbers have both an integer and fractional component.

5. void

-To declare explicitly a function as returning no value.

-To declare explicitly a function as having no parameters.

-To create generic pointers.

KEYWORDS

-reserved words that have a special meaning.

Examples of Reserved words as defined by the ANSI standard.

Auto	const
break	static
long	char
enum	case
extern	float

my Learning of the week

My Learning Of The WEEK

This Week we discuss about the:

FOUR PARTS OF C ENVIRONMENT

DATA TYPES AND KEYWORDS

FOUR PARTS OF C ENVIRONMENT

Main menu

Editor status line and edit window

Compiler message window

“Hot Keys” quick reference line

Main Menu

-Instructs C to do something as indicated in the list of menu.

Basic menu of C

File – used to load and save files, handles directories, invokes DOS and exits C.

Write to – enables the user to save a file using a different filename.

Directory – displays the content of the current working directory.

Change dir – enables the user to specify the defined path to change the default path or directory.

OS shell – loads the DOS command processor and lets the user execute DOS commands.

Quit – lets the user to exit or quit C.

Run – used to compile (checks for errors), links and runs the program currently loaded in the environment.

Compile – used to compile the program currently in the environment.

Editor Status Line and Edit Window

It is where you type your program and where you see the current line and column of the text you typed.

If you try to press Alt- I or Insert Key, the word insert disappears, meaning that the window is in overwrite mode. Press again “insert” to return to the normal mode and notice that the word insert appears again.

Compiler message window

The message window is located beneath the middle of edit window and Hotkeys.

It is used to display various compiler or linker messages.

“Hot Keys” quick reference line

Hot Keys is located at the bottom of C operating screen.

It refers to shortcut or shorthand for selecting a menu.

Two sets of Hot keys are available: the normal ones and the alternate set.

DATA TYPES AND KEYWORDS

There are five elementary data types in C:

(a) character (char) -values of type char are used to hold ASCII characters or any 8-bit quantity.

(b) integer (int) -variables of type int are used to hold real numbers. Real numbers have both an integer.

(c) floating point

(d) double floating point

Values of type float and double are used to hold real numbers. Real numbers have both an integer and fractional component.

(e) void

The type void has three uses:

– To declare explicitly a function as returning no value.

– To declare explicitly a function as having no parameters.

– To create generic pointers.

Type Bidwidth Range

char 8 0 to 255

int 16 -32768 to 32767

float 32 3.4 X 10-38 to 3.4 X 1038

double 64 1.7 x 10-308 to 1.7 x 10308

void 0 valueless

Type Modifiers

l A modifier is used to alter the meaning of the base type to fit the needs of various situations more precisely.

l The list of modifiers includes the following:

l Signed

l Unsigned

l Long

l Short

Type Bidwidth Range

char 8 -128 to 127

unsigned char 8 0 to 255

signed char 8 -128 to 127

int 16 -32768 to 32767

unsigned int 16 0 to 65535

signed int 16 -32768 to 32767

short int 16 -32768 to 32767

unsigned short int 16 0 to 655535

Signed short int 16 -32768 to 32767

Long int 32 -2147483648 to 2147483647

Unsigned long int 32 0 to 4294967295

Signed long int 32 -2147483648 to

2147483647

Float 32 3.4 x 10-38 to

3.4 x 1038

Double 64 1.7 x 10-308 to

1.7 x 10308

Long double 64 1.7 x 10-308 to

1.7 x 10308

Keywords

l Keywords in C are reserved words that have a special meaning.

l Reserved words are words “reserved” by the programming language for expressing various statements and constructs, thus, these may not be redefined by the programmer.

List of 32 Keywords / Reserved words as defined by the ANSI standard.

auto double int struct

break else long switch

case enum register typedef

char extern return union

const float short unsigned

continue for signed void

default goto sizeof volatile

do if static while

My Learning Of The WEEK

This Week we discuss about the:

FOUR PARTS OF C ENVIRONMENT

DATA TYPES AND KEYWORDS

FOUR PARTS OF C ENVIRONMENT

Main menu

Editor status line and edit window

Compiler message window

“Hot Keys” quick reference line

Main Menu

-Instructs C to do something as indicated in the list of menu.

Basic menu of C

File – used to load and save files, handles directories, invokes DOS and exits C.

Write to – enables the user to save a file using a different filename.

Directory – displays the content of the current working directory.

Change dir – enables the user to specify the defined path to change the default path or directory.

OS shell – loads the DOS command processor and lets the user execute DOS commands.

Quit – lets the user to exit or quit C.

Run – used to compile (checks for errors), links and runs the program currently loaded in the environment.

Compile – used to compile the program currently in the environment.

Editor Status Line and Edit Window

It is where you type your program and where you see the current line and column of the text you typed.

If you try to press Alt- I or Insert Key, the word insert disappears, meaning that the window is in overwrite mode. Press again “insert” to return to the normal mode and notice that the word insert appears again.

Compiler message window

The message window is located beneath the middle of edit window and Hotkeys.

It is used to display various compiler or linker messages.

“Hot Keys” quick reference line

Hot Keys is located at the bottom of C operating screen.

It refers to shortcut or shorthand for selecting a menu.

Two sets of Hot keys are available: the normal ones and the alternate set.

DATA TYPES AND KEYWORDS

l There are five elementary data types in C:

(a) character (char) -values of type char are used to hold ASCII characters or any 8-bit quantity.

Bidwidth: 8

Range: 0 to 255

(b) integer (int) -variables of type int are used to hold real numbers. Real numbers have both an integer.

Bidwidth: 16

Range: -32768 to 32767

(c) floating point

Bidwidth: 32

Range: 3.4 X 10-38 to 3.4 X 1038

(d) double floating point

Values of type float and double are used to hold real numbers. Real numbers have both an integer and fractional component.

Bidwidth: 64

Range: 1.7 x 10-308 to 1.7 x 10308

(e) void

The type void has three uses:

– To declare explicitly a function as returning no value.

– To declare explicitly a function as having no parameters.

– To create generic pointers.

Bidwidth: 0

Range: valueless

Type Modifiers

l A modifier is used to alter the meaning of the base type to fit the needs of various situations more precisely.

l The list of modifiers includes the following:

l Signed

l Unsigned

l Long

l Short

Keywords

l Keywords in C are reserved words that have a special meaning.

l Reserved words are words “reserved” by the programming language for expressing various statements and constructs, thus, these may not be redefined by the programmer.

List of 32 Keywords / Reserved words as defined by the ANSI standard.

• Auto
• double
• int
• struct
• break
• else
• long
• switch
• case
• enum
• register typedef
• char
• extern
• return
• union
• const
• float
• short
• unsigned
• continue
• for
• signed
• void
• default
• goto
• sizeof
• volatile
• do
• if
• static
• while